(لَو) الامْتِنَاعِيَّةُ إِشْكَالِيَّةُ الدّلَالَةِ وَأَسْرَارُ اقْتِرَانِ جَوَابِهَا بِاللَّامِ

(لَو) الامْتِنَاعِيَّةُ - إِشْكَالِيَّةُ الدّلَالَةِ وَأَسْرَارُ اقْتِرَانِ جَوَابِهَا بِاللَّامِ
أحمد عيد عبد الفتاح حسن
أستاذ اللغويات ووكيل كلية اللغة العربية بالقاهرة للدراسات العليا والبحوث، جامعة الأزهر
Eid.drahmed1977@gmail.com
الملخص:
الْحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الإِنَسَانَ، وعَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، والصَّلَاةُ والسَّلَامُ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيِّ الْفُرْقَانِ، وعَلَى آلِ بَيْتِهِ أُولِي الْعِلْمِ والْإِيمَانِ، وبَعْدُ ...
فمِنْ دَقَائِقِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ (لَو) الامْتِنَاعِيَّةُ، مِنْ حَيْثُ دلَالَتُهَا الْمُشْكِلَةُ فِي كُتُبِ التُّرَاثِ، وأَسْرَارُ اقْتِرَانِ جَوَابِهَا باللَّامِ. وكَانَ سَبَبُ شُرُوعِي فِي هَذَا الْبَحْثِ سُؤَالًا وَجَّهَهُ لِي أَحَدُ طُلَّابِي الْجَامِعِيِّينَ عَنْ فَائِدَةِ اقْتِرَانِ جَوَابِ (لَوْ) باللَّامِ، فَأَجَبْتُهُ إِجَابَةً سَرِيعَةً، لَمْ أَرَهَا كَافِيَةً لِذَلِكَ السُّؤَالِ؛ فَجَاءَ هَذَا الْبَحْثُ فِي مَبْحَثَيْنِ مُبَيِّنًا إشْكَالِيَّةَ دلَالَةِ (لَو)، وأَسْرَارَ اقْتِرَانِ جَوَابِهَا باللَّامِ، مِنْ خِلَالِ آيَاتِ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ، وبِخَاصَّةٍ آيَتَا جَعْلِ الزَّرْعِ حُطَامًا وجَعْلِ الْمَاءِ أُجَاجًا فِي سَورَةِ الْوَاقِعَةِ، وقَدِ انْتَهَى الْبَحْثُ إلَى الْأُمُورِ الآتِيَةِ:
الأول- بَيَان إشْكَالِيَّةِ دلَالَةِ (لَو) فِي الْكَلَامِ الْفَصِيحِ بَيَانًا مُنَاسِبًا لِطَبِيعَةِ عَصْرِنَا وعُقُولِ أَبْنائِهِ.   
الثَّانِي- مَجِيء عِبَارَةِ سِيبَوَيْهِ فِي بَيَانِ دلَالَةِ (لَو) الامْتِنَاعِيَّةِ ووَظِيفَتِهَا فِي الْكَلَامِ: (حَرْفٌ لِمَا كَانَ سَيَقَعُ لِوُقُوعِ غَيْرِهِ) وَافِيَةً؛ فتَنَوَّعَتْ عِبَارَاتُ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِي شَرْحِهَا، واخْتَلَفَتْ أَقْوَالُهُمْ فِي تَفْسِيرِهَا.
الثَّالِث- اسْتَطَاعَ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبَ الْعِبَارَةِ الْجَيِّدَةِ فِي تَحْدِيدِ دلَالَةِ (لَو) الامْتِنَاعِيَّةِ الَّتِي تَصْدُقُ عَلَى مَوَاضِعِ وُرُودِهَا فِي كَلامِ الْعَرَبِ نَثْرًا ونَظْمًا، وهِي: (لَوْ حَرْفٌ يَدُلُّ عَلَى انْتِفَاءِ تَالٍ، يَلْزَمُ لِثُبُوتِهِ ثُبُوتُ تَالِيهِ)؛ فارْتَضَاهَا الْمُحَقِّقُون مِنْ اللُّغَوِيِّينَ وغَيْرِهِمْ، ورَدُّوا غَيْرَهَا.
الرابع- كَشْفُ السِّتَارَ عَنْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْرَارٍ لاقْتِرَانِ جَوابِ (لَو) باللَّامِ فِي كَلَامِ الْعَرَبِ:
السِّرّ الأَوَّل: الدّلالَةُ عَلَى الارْتِبَاطِ والتَّعَلُّقِ، والسِّرّ الثَّانِي: إفَادَةُ التَّوْكِيدِ، والسِّرّ الثَّالِث: إِفَادَةُ التَّأْجِيلِ والتَّأْخِيرِ والْمُهْلَةِ، والسِّرّ الرَّابِع: زِيَادَةُ تَوْكِيدِ جَوَابِ الْقَسَمِ.
الكلمات المفتاحية: لو - الامتناعية – دلالة – اقتران – أسرار.
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(Lo) abstinence - the problematic of semantics and the secrets of conjugating its answer with Lam
Ahmed Eid Abdel Fattah Hassan
Professor of linguistics and vice dean of the Faculty of Arabic language in Cairo for graduate studies and research, Al-Azhar University
Eid.drahmed1977@gmail.com
Abstract:
Praise be to Allah who created man, taught him the Bayan, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad the Prophet Al-Furqan, and upon his household, the first knowledge and faith, and after ...
It is one of the minutes of Arabic (Lu) abstinence, in terms of its connotation formed in the heritage books, and the secrets of associating its answer with the blame. The reason I started this research was a question that one of my university students asked me about the usefulness of combining the answer (if) with the blame, so I answered him a quick answer, I didn't see it enough for that question; so this research came in two papers indicating the problem of the connotation (if), and the secrets of combining her answer with blame, through the verses of the Holy Quran, especially:
The first is a statement of the problematic significance of Lu in eloquent speech, a statement appropriate to the nature of our time and the minds of his children.   
The second-the advent of the sibawayh phrase in the statement of the connotation of (if) abstention and its function in speech: (a character for what would have happened if someone else had happened) is sufficient; so the phrases of the scholars varied in explaining them, and their statements differed in their interpretation.
Third-ibn Malik was able to be the author of a good phrase in determining the meaning of the abstention (if), which attests to the places mentioned in the Arabic speech in prose and systems, namely: (if a letter indicates a subsequent absence, a subsequent proof is required to prove it); the investigators of linguists and others agreed with it, and others responded.
The unveiling of four secrets of the coupling of the answer (Lu) with the blame in the words of the Arabs:
The first secret: the indication of attachment and attachment, the second secret: the confirmation statement, the third secret: the statement of postponement, delay and time limit, and the fourth secret: increasing the confirmation of the answer of the oath.
Keywords: Lo - abstinence – connotation – conjugation-secrets.